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Has anyone ever come across a situation where UNIX commands cannot be executed from within the IRAF shell? For example, I type "ls" or "cd .." and nothing happens. If anyone knows how to remedy this, please advise!jes

Two situations come to mind: 1) Your .cshrc file is doing something which requires a response (e.g. a tty setting), or your .cshrc file is doing something in which some NFS directory in the $path is not responding.A unix command is declared as a foreign command in your login.cl file, it is executed in a new shell spawned just to execute the command and so the contents of your .cshrc file are read each time. Actually, a foreign command and a '!' escape behave the same way and use whatever shell you use, if you start a command using '!!' from the 'cl' prompt a bash shell is forced and can help rule out/in problems in your default environment. Hope this helps.Cheers,
-Mike